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Why Civil Unions Are Not Enough


Forty years ago, eight well-intentioned white Alabama clergymen told the people of Birmingham that they “recognize[d] the natural impatience of people who feel that their hopes are slow in being realized.” At the same time, though, they urged that protests and demonstrations would only incite hate and were “unwise and untimely.”

Martin Luther King Jr.’s well-known response “from Birmingham Jail” is as timely as it is powerful. King wrote that he had “almost reached the regrettable conclusion” that the “white moderate” was more problematic than the Ku Klux Klan. This, he wrote, was in part because the white moderate “paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man’s freedom,” “lives by a mythical concept of time and . . . constantly advises the Negro to wait for a ‘more convenient season.’ ”

Unfortunately, even today we are hearing the same kind of advice. This time, the subject is marriage equality for lesbian and gay couples, and the timetable offered contemplates civil unions now and marriage in some far-off future.

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, in Goodridge v. Dep’t of Health, made plain that it is blatant discrimination when the state restricts marriage rights from gays and lesbians. Nevertheless, some in Massachusetts - and, surprisingly, even some liberal law professors - still argue that, for now, civil unions are enough to satisfy the court’s ruling. But that is plainly wrong.

The Massachusetts Ruling Plainly Gives Gay Couples to Right to Marry

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court’s historic opinion, written by Chief Justice Margaret Marshall, explained that the state’s Constitution “forbids the creation of second-class citizens.” But second-class status is exactly what allowing straight citizens to marry and relegating gay and lesbian citizens to civil unions would create.

Fortunately, the Massachusetts opinion did no such thing. It “construe[d] civil marriage to mean the voluntary union of two persons as spouses, to the exclusion of all others.” And it extended the civil marriage law to same-sex couples. If you doubt it, all you need to do is look to the dissent in Goodridge, which complained about the majority’s “extending the marriage laws to same-sex couples.”

Like the dissenting judges, the governor understood the decision’s message loud and clear - and saw that its message was about an equal right to marriage in particular. Republican Governor Mitt Romney, expressing deep disagreement with the decision, said he would work to pass a Massachusetts constitutional amendment “limiting marriage to the relationship between a man and a woman.” If he had anticipated civil unions, not gay marriage, then such an amendment would have been entirely unnecessary.

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